- Industria: Education
- Number of terms: 34386
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Founded in 1876, Texas A&M University is a U.S. public and comprehensive university offering a wide variety of academic programs far beyond its original label of agricultural and mechanical trainings. It is one of the few institutions holding triple federal designations as a land-, sea- and ...
Singular vectors are the perturbations that, under dynamics linearized about a basic flow state, grow most rapidly over a given time interval and in a given measure of amplitude, or norm. These optimal perturbations have been advanced as explanations for midlatitude cyclogenesis, and have been applied to forecast error growth and ensemble forecasting.
Industry:Earth science
Sponsored by the MMS of the Department of the Interior. LATEX was a six–year project with the principal objective of identifying the key dynamical processes governing the circulation, transport, and cross–shelf mixing of the waters on the Texas– Louisiana shelf. The program had three components:
LATEX A - shelf circulation and transport processes (administered by Texas A&M University);
LATEX B - Mississippi River plum hydrography (administered by Louisiana State University); and
LATEX C - Gulf of Mexico eddy circulation (administered by Science Applications International Corporation).
Industry:Earth science
Stable errors in model simulations that result from model deficiencies in the component (e.g ocean and atmosphere) models alone, additive errors from the component models after they are coupled, or errors that are produced by the coupled interactions between imperfect component models. Sometimes called climate drift.
Industry:Earth science
Statistical results which are relatively insensitive to the presence of a moderate amount of bad data or to inadequacies in the statistical model being used, and that react gradually rather than abruptly to perturbations of either.
Industry:Earth science
Statistics that retain information on the spatially-averaged changes in the fields being compared, i.e. the spatial-mean components are not subtracted so as to compare only the anomalies about the means as would be the case with centered statistics.
Industry:Earth science
Stress terms obtained by transforming the equations of motion into the Reynolds equations. They are so–called in analogy to the terms in the original motion equations involving the molecular viscosity, and to further the analogy the concept of an eddy viscosity is used to perform closure on the Reynolds equations and render them soluble. The forces that give rise to the stresses are due to the fact that in a turbulent flow there are rapidly fluctuating as well as mean components. The fluctuating components oppose the mean motion and redistribute energy and other properties via a physical effect analogous to molecular friction, i.e. turbulent friction. This causes a more rapid distribution of momentum, heat and salt than would occur solely via molecular processes, and the analogous stresses are called Reynolds stresses.
Industry:Earth science
Strong opposing flow elements adjacent to western boundary currents, e.g. the Gulf Stream in the upper ocean and the deep western boundary current in the deep water of the North Atlantic. These are a subbasin-scale component to the large-scale gyre flow, and can dominate the distribution of transport in the basin interior.
Industry:Earth science
Subsurface floats used since the mid 1970s that freely drift at prescribed pressures. These provide direct measurements of the ocean circulation by sending acoustic pulses, typically at 300 MHz, once a day which can be used to calculate their positions from their Times of Arrivals (TOAs) at listening stations moored near the SOFAR channel depth at known geographical positions.
Industry:Earth science
Temperature and Depth instrument. The accuracy of XCTD probes is 0.02° C in temperature and 0.03 psu in salinity, and they are rated to about 1000 m depth. They typically cost 20 times more than an XBT.
Industry:Earth science
That interval of the tidal cycle between a high water and the following low water. This is also known as ebb tide.
Industry:Earth science
